toyota

full-time all wheel drive

Center diffs were located inside a modified version of the FWD transmission. A bevel gear and locking device were located in a housing extension located behind the engine block on the passenger side. A multi-shaft arrangement (concentric inside each other) transmits power to the bevel gear and (through the bevel unit) to the right front tire.

Front diffs were open on all models.

Center diffs were either manually locking (via pushbutton), electronically controlled locking, or viscous.

Rear diffs were typically open but a Torsen was available on the ST185 Celica, ST205 Celica, and RX300.

Rear subframes swap between the Camry and Celica. Many ST165 and ST185 Celica rear suspension and drivetrain parts will fit SV25 Camrys (and vic versa). ST205s used a wider track width and a specialty front suspension. Axles may not swap separately but will if diffs are swapped.

Figure: 1988 toyota camry all trac 5 speed diff lock indicator

Figure: toyota camry all trac diff lock button 1990

Sold as 2wd or 4wd.

Automatic transmission: STD I full-time all wheel drive. Electronically controlled multiplate clutch locking center differential. Optional Torsen limited slip rear differential.

Early models have a C.DIFF AUTO button that, when depressed, prevents the center differential from locking. When no button is present (A540H transmission), the multiplate clutch always operates in AUTO mode.^[1]

Manual transmission: Full-time all wheel drive with 50/50 torque split. Manually locking center differential via the C.DIFF LOCK button on the console. Optional Torsen limited slip rear differential.^[2]

Figure: Toyota RAV4 M/T?

Figure: toyota rav4 i

Figure: toyota rav 4 xa10 center diff lock

Sold as 2wd or 4wd.

Both automatic and manual transmissions have full-time all wheel drive with viscous coupling locking center differential. Optional Torsen limited slip rear differential.^[3]

Figure: Toyota RAV4 II

Figure: toyota rav 4 transsmision second generation

Proactive automatic all wheel drive. Front wheel drive in normal conditions, torque transfer to rear via electronically-controlled multi-plate clutch. The clutch can be manually locked using the button on the console.

https://www.rav4world.com/d1/attachments/pdf/2006/2006_4wdsystem.pdf

Proactive automatic all wheel drive. I has three modes: auto, lock and sport.

When turning RAV4 into and through a corner, power is sent to the rear wheels to help enhance cornering performance, detecting steering angle and lack of yaw rate in Sport Mode (and detecting lack of yaw rate in Normal and Eco Mode).Dynamic Torque Control has three different drive modes: Auto, Lock and Sport. In Auto Mode, RAV4 delivers power primarily to the front wheels under most driving conditions, switching automatically to AWD only when needed. By only engaging the rear axle and delivering power to the rear wheels when needed, Auto Mode helps enhance fuel efficiency and reduce drivetrain wear.

In Lock Mode at lower speeds, RAV4 essentially has a full-time AWD system with power delivered to all four wheels. At speeds below approximately 25 mph in Lock Mode, up to 50 percent of engine power is sent to the rear wheels, enhancing traction and helping RAV4 “dig” through sandy or muddy conditions. Lock Mode reverts to Auto Mode when vehicle speed passes approximately 25 mph.

Sport mode can provide smooth and nearly instantaneous torque transfers between the front and rear wheels to help enhance cornering performance. Under certain conditions, Sport Mode can automatically deliver up to 50 percent of engine power to the rear wheels.

In Sport Mode, the AWD system also can apportion power based on input from the steering angle and yaw rate sensors of the Vehicle Stability Control system. When turning into and through a corner, power is sent to the rear wheels to maximize traction available at each of the four corners of the vehicle. Under braking in a straight line in Sport Mode, power delivery to the rear wheels can be momentarily suspended to best leverage the benefits of ABS and VSC.^[4]

Part-Time all wheel drive.

Selectable all wheel drive system (full-time all wheel drive system with 4x2 capability). VF3AM transfer case. Lever-operated 4Hi, 4Lo (2,48:1), and N modes. 4WD button engages and disengages the all wheel drive. Corporate 8-inch IFS front axle is engaged using Toyota's ADD (Automatically Disconnected Differential), which is similar to other companies' CAD systems. Electro-mechanically operated rear differential lock (optional) in 8-inch solid axle.

Figure: Toyota's ADD (Automatically Disconnected Differential) in the front axle

Part-time all wheel drive. Low gear.

Full-time all wheel drive system with three open differentials.

Automatic all wheel drive. Normally front wheel drive vehicle. When it detects slip the rear electric motor activates to provide a push from the rear.

Full-time all wheel drive system. Viscous coupling locking (VX trim level only) or open (GS trim) center differential, can be forcibly locked manually using the low range lever.

On GS, the center differential is locked when in low range (2,49:1 ratio). This behavior, however, can be overridden by installing an OEM center differential switch. The wiring for the switch is already available in the car. ^[5]

Optional front and rear manually lockable differentials.

Figure: toyota land cruiser 80 gear levers

Figure: toyota land cruiser 80 logo

Figure: toyota land cruiser 80 us

Figure: toyota land cruiser 80 differential lock switches

Figure: toyota land cruiser 90

Full time all wheel drive with lockable centre differential. It can be locked in high ratio while is locked automatically when low ratio is engaged. Prado models have LSD at the back while Colorado have lockable rear differential - there is a turn switch on the right near the ignition key.

Full-time all wheel drive. Full-time two-speed four wheel drive system with manually (button) lockable differentials - center and rear (opt.) The case is similar to previous generation Land Cruisers

Figure: toyota lc100

Figure: Toyota Land Cruiser 100 transfer case

Figure: toyota land cruiser 100

Figure: toyota land cruiser 100 center diff lock

Figure: toyota land cruiser 100 gear levers

Torsen T3 (40/60) center differential with manual lock, low gear, hill descent control system (? Source)

Full-time all wheel drive system with dual range and 'Torsen' T3 (torque sensing) centre differential. Downhill Assist Control (DAC). Crawl control system (available on petrol V8 only).

Video: Toyota Land Cruiser 200 crawl control system operation.

Full-time all wheel drive system with free differentials.

Under normal driving front:rear = 100:0, the center diff can change it up to 50:50.

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